Before presenting the various moisture measurements, it is important to define moisture content. Moisture content is normally expressed as a percentage by weight of either total product (wet basis) or dry product (dry basis).

Wet Basis Moisture Content:

M = 100 x (Wet Weight – Dry Weight) / Wet Weight

 

Dry Basis Moisture Content:

M = 100 x (Wet Weight – Dry Weight) / Dry Weight

From the above equations, wet basis moisture content cannot exceed 100%. Dry basis moisture may exceed 100% and is a non-linear function.

Moisture content may be determined by numerous techniques. These may be divided into two major categories, primary and secondary measurement.